Health and Welfare of Workers under the Factories Act, 1948:

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 Health and Welfare of Workers under the Factories Act, 1948:


(a) Health of Workers 

Chapter III (Sections 11 to 20) of the Factories Act, 1948 deals with provisions relating to the health of workers. These provisions aim to ensure hygiene and healthy working conditions in factories.

Provisions:

  1. Section 11 – Cleanliness:

    • The factory must be kept clean and free from effluvia arising from drains, privies, or other nuisances.
    • Floors, workrooms, and benches must be cleaned regularly.
    • Whitewashing or repainting must be done at intervals prescribed by law.

  2. Section 12 – Disposal of Wastes and Effluents:

    • Effective arrangements must be made for disposal of wastes and effluents.
    • The disposal must conform to pollution control norms.

  3. Section 13 – Ventilation and Temperature:

    • Proper ventilation must be maintained in the factory.
    • Temperature should be such as to secure reasonable conditions of comfort for the workers.

  4. Section 14 – Dust and Fume:

    • Measures must be taken to prevent inhalation and accumulation of dust, fumes, or other impurities.
    • Exhaust appliances must be provided wherever dust or fume is generated.

  5. Section 15 – Artificial Humidification:

    • If humidity is artificially increased, it must be done as per prescribed standards.
    • The water used should be clean and free from contamination.

  6. Section 16 – Overcrowding:

    • Adequate space must be provided for each worker.
    • Minimum space: 9.9 cubic meters per worker after the Act came into force.

  7. Section 17 – Lighting:

    • Proper lighting, natural or artificial, must be provided in all work areas.
    • Glare and shadows must be avoided to protect workers’ eyesight.

  8. Section 18 – Drinking Water:

    • Safe and wholesome drinking water must be made available.
    • It must be clearly marked and located within accessible distance.
    • If there are more than 250 workers, the water must be cooled and supplied during hot weather.

  9. Section 19 – Latrines and Urinals:

    • Sufficient and separate latrine and urinal facilities must be provided for male and female workers.
    • They must be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition.

  10. Section 20 – Spittoons:

  • Spittoons must be provided at convenient places and kept clean.
  • Workers must use them; violations may attract fines.


(b) Welfare of Workers 

Chapter V (Sections 42 to 50) of the Factories Act, 1948 deals with the welfare of workers, ensuring their physical, moral, and social well-being.

Provisions:

  1. Section 42 – Washing Facilities:

    • Adequate and separate washing facilities must be provided for male and female workers.
    • The facilities must be conveniently accessible and kept clean.

  2. Section 43 – Facilities for Storing and Drying Clothing:

    • Provision must be made for storing clothes not worn during working hours.
    • Facilities should also be available for drying wet clothes.

  3. Section 44 – Facilities for Sitting:

    • Sitting arrangements must be provided for workers who are required to work in a standing position to avoid fatigue.

  4. Section 45 – First-Aid Appliances:

    • One first-aid box must be provided for every 150 workers.
    • The box must be under the charge of a responsible person trained in first-aid treatment.
    • If there are more than 500 workers, an ambulance room with prescribed equipment must be maintained.

  5. Section 46 – Canteens:

    • Factories employing more than 250 workers must provide and maintain a canteen.
    • The canteen should be run in accordance with prescribed rules.

  6. Section 47 – Shelters, Rest Rooms, and Lunch Rooms:

    • In factories with over 150 workers, adequate and suitable rest shelters or lunch rooms must be provided.
    • These must be properly ventilated and kept clean.

  7. Section 48 – Creches:

    • Factories with more than 30 women workers must provide a creche for the use of children under the age of six years.
    • It must be adequately staffed and maintained in a hygienic condition.

  8. Section 49 – Welfare Officers:

    • Every factory with more than 500 workers must employ qualified welfare officers.
    • Their role includes looking after workers' welfare, grievances, and social security benefits.

  9. Section 50 – Power to Make Rules for Welfare:

    • The State Government is empowered to make rules for further welfare measures such as education, recreation, housing, and more.

Conclusion:

The provisions under the Factories Act, 1948 reflect the legislature’s commitment to ensuring that workers are protected from health hazards and provided with necessary welfare facilities. These measures help improve the overall working environment and productivity in industrial establishments.



HEALTH Provisions (Sections 11 to 20)

🎯 Mnemonic: "Clean Dusty Ventilated Rooms Need Just Light, Water, Latrines, and Spittoons"

Breakdown:

Section Provision Mnemonic Element
11 Cleanliness Clean
12 Disposal of Waste Dusty (dust/waste)
13 Ventilation & Temp. Ventilated
14 Dust and Fume Rooms (air quality)
15 Artificial Humidification Need
16 Overcrowding Just
17 Lighting Light
18 Drinking Water Water
19 Latrines & Urinals Latrines
20 Spittoons Spittoons



WELFARE Provisions (Sections 42 to 50)

🎯 Mnemonic: "Wash & Store, Sit & Aid, Eat, Rest, Kids & Officer Welfare"

Breakdown:

Section Provision Mnemonic Element
42 Washing Facilities Wash
43 Storing & Drying Clothes Store
44 Sitting Arrangements Sit
45 First-Aid Aid
46 Canteens Eat
47 Rest Rooms/Lunch Rooms Rest
48 Creches for Children Kids
49 Welfare Officers Officer
50 Power to Make Rules Welfare (rules)


💡 Pro Tip:

To remember health = early sections (11–20) and welfare = later sections (42–50), think:

"Healthy first, Welfare later!"


 🔖 Blog by Chandan Sha | For more legal insights, stay tuned to Study on Law Hills.


🔖 About Study on Law Hills

By Chandan Sha
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Study on Law Hills is a legal blog that simplifies Indian law for students and professionals. From Constitution to Criminal Law, it offers:

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